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Post by timothylane on Jun 20, 2019 18:00:23 GMT -8
Harry Turtledove is a fan (and friend) of Janis Ian, and was thinking about a line in her song "God and the FBI", "Stalin is a Democrat." As an inveterate writer of alternate histories, this got him to thinking about how Stalin could have become a Democrat. The result is this book, in which Joseph Djugashvili's family emigrated to America, arriving a few months before his birth. He became Joe Steele, former farmworker from the Fresno area, and now a Congressman running for President in 1932.
Steele's main opponent is New York Governor Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and the two have a very tight race for a long time. Finally, FDR begins to pull ahead, but they have to take a break. The book is written from the point of view of two brothers who are also reporters, Mike and Charlie Sullivan. Mike writes for the New York Post and favors FDR; Charlie works for the FDR and favors Steele. He overhears one of Steele's henchmen, Vince Scriabin, tell someone on the phone that something has to be done that night, but has no idea what it is.
As it happens, that night the governor's mansion in New York burns down, taking Roosevelt out of the race in a hurry. Arson or chance? No one knows for sure, though Mike will later find out that all the files seem to be unavailable to the public. Someone seems to have taken them. But inevitably some people, including both Sullivans, wonder if Steele or Scriabin arranged the fire. Whether they did or not, the result is that Steele is nominated, and then elected. (A few names might be different -- Trotsky ends up succeeding Lenin, and evidently little if any better than Stalin -- but otherwise the history seems to be the same. Two other Steele henchmen are Lazar Kagan and Stas Mikoian, whose brother is a top airplane designer at Douglas. I don't know if Gurevich is also there, however.)
Now Steele is running things, and he really means it. He pushes through his Four Year Plan in a special congressional session, the final bill being the TVA. A lot of this requires strongarming some important members of Congress, but that's how it happens -- you don't want to see either laws or sausage being made, as Bismarck allegedly said. But he has the same problems FDR had in our timeline with the Supreme Court, and likes it no better.
But he's willing to do something more drastic than court-packing to deal with it. Suddenly one J. Edgar Hoover shows up at the Court to arrest 4 justices for treason. He admits that it's no coincidence that they all happen to be strong opponents of the Four Year Plan. That's the situation at present (I'm 22% of the way into the book), and the prognosis probably isn't good for them -- no one will issue a writ of habeas corpus on their behalf, no doubt intimidated by what's already happened.
At this point, Steele seems to have lost little if any support. Democrats are willing to believe that the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are actually in Hitler's pay, whereas Republicans are properly skeptical. This would certainly be credible today; whether it's equally credible 85 years ago I'm not sure. But a lot of their voters were immigrants who probably haven't fully imbibed American traditions, so Steele will probably retain most of his support among Democrat voters despite his lack of charisma.
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Post by timothylane on Jun 20, 2019 19:30:11 GMT -8
Events move swiftly at this point. Mike Sullivan receives an anonymous mailing that happens to carry the original crime report on the death of FDR, presumably located and sent by a clerk he had worked with earlier trying to find it. Sadly, the report still can't provide evidence of anything -- but when he writes it up without making a specific accusation and admitting that arson is only a probability, it still enrages Steele and Scriabin. The latter summons Charlie Sullivan and basically warns him to keep his brother from writing anything else like that. For the first time, but probably not the last, Charlie feels grateful to leave unharmed. Unsurprisingly, Steele doesn't waste time once he has the right deviationists in jail. They're tried by a military court of Navy Captain Spruance, Army Majors Bradley and Eisenhower, and Army Colonel Marshall, and prosecuted by the Attorney General, a Chicago Pole named Andy Wyszinsky. It will come as no surprise that the four justices all plead guilty and assure the panel that they weren't ill-treated (they certainly don't show any, though the Wickersham Committee had already exposed third degree techniques designed to leave no marks). One even implicates a couple of other people -- Father Coughlin and Senator Huey Long.
Coughlin submits to arrest, but Long escapes to Louisiana and refuses to surrender, nor will anyone arrest him. But there are other ways, as someone with a sniper rifle shows. Then the four justices, having been sentenced to death by firing squad and Steele having denied them mercy, are shot down early one morning. (There are some traditions Steele likes, obviously.) The steel glove has come up by now, and anyone with a brain knows what's happening. But who will do anything about it? We'll see if Steele has some left deviationists (aside from Long) for his Attorney General to go after.
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Post by kungfuzu on Jun 20, 2019 20:00:24 GMT -8
"Joe Steele" sounds like an interesting book. I will see if I can find it at my local lending library.
I can give you a list of at least 80 Soviet Spies who were active in the USA in the 1920s-1940s. Some were spread throughout the government bureaucracy and even one was an advisor to FDR, so I have little doubt that the Dems of those times would have believed whatever Joe Steele told them.
Note: Janis Ian is a name out of the past. I loved her song "Society's Child" when it came out in 1965. As with most pop songs, I didn't care about the lyrics, it was the music which interested me. I particularly liked the refrain, "I can't see you anymore baby, can't see you anymore" or words to that effect. Again, not because of the lyrics, but because it was in a mode which was somewhat haunting.
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Post by timothylane on Jun 20, 2019 20:06:03 GMT -8
That's a very good point, but how many of those spies were known about at the time is another matter. For that matter, even later a lot of the Democrats didn't believe that they were spies. Especially Alger Hiss. (Incidentally, we visited the art museum in Huntington, WV many years ago, and they had a temporary Audubon exhibit that included his painting of a prothonotary warbler.)
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Post by kungfuzu on Jun 20, 2019 20:15:36 GMT -8
Most of the spies were not known of until later, but some were suspected by the FBI and some of these were covered for by the Truman Administration when McCarthy started his inquiries.
There is no doubt that there were a good number of "fellow travelers" in and around government in those days. J. Edgar Hoover made his name in the early 1920s going after commies, many of whom, he help get expelled from the USA.
The state of affairs was even tacitly accepted once the Nazis invaded the USSR. The OSS had plenty of leftist as did the émigré scientific community.
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Brad Nelson
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Post by Brad Nelson on Jun 21, 2019 8:38:45 GMT -8
It’s literary solipsism unless you provide a link to the book in question. If you want anyone to read your reviews, I would suggest a header something like this: Book Title: (titled link to book at Amazon or wherever) Author: Name Genera: fiction, non-fiction, romance, drama, historical drama, sci-fi, crime (in this case it would appear to be an “Alternative History”) Pages: Summary: One source gives this recommendation: I would also add, don't be afraid to add bold sub-headlines to help the reader makes sense of it all: The Plot:Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. The Characters:Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
Or however you think best. But if you don't write with the interests of the gentle reader in mind, no one is going to read your reviews. As always, these are suggestions, not commandments. But your reviews would gain from following them.
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Post by timothylane on Jun 21, 2019 8:53:40 GMT -8
Well, providing a link to the EPUB or KIndle Ready entry for a book in a library of thousands on my detachable hard drive would do no one any good. My tradition has been to make sure to include title and author, and it should be clear very soon what type of book it is. Of course, how I write a book review is very different if I write one as I go along (I'm about a quarter of the way through the book at present). As for size, I have no idea how many pages it is. The e-books don't provide that information (which can vary slightly between editions).
But I do have a few comments in my review intended to reflect what I think. Final conclusions will have to await the book's completion, though the fact that I'm reading it can be considered evidence that I expect to enjoy it. I once wrote an analysis of Mike Resnick's Kirinyaga, a set of stories set in a Kikuyu utopia (he's done a lot of trips to Kenya). I had already read the stories individually when the book came out, but didn't form my conclusion about the book until I finished the review. But I do try to write book reviews with the thought that this will help a potential reader decide whether or not to read it (and if I liked it, as is usually the case, I hope the reader will want to read it).
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Brad Nelson
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Post by Brad Nelson on Jun 21, 2019 8:55:33 GMT -8
All I hear is excuses. I easily Googled a link. Either write to be read or not. It's your choice.
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Post by timothylane on Jun 21, 2019 10:45:34 GMT -8
Sorry, but my book reviewing style comes from decades of writing them in FOSFAX, and during nearly all that time books were bought in bookstores. I did give the publisher as well as author and title in the heading. The structure here is a bit different, but I use much the same technique I got used to doing.
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Post by timothylane on Jun 21, 2019 11:19:09 GMT -8
Turtledove takes a bit of a break from Joe Steele's growing tyranny to some personal matters. Charlie Sullivan married his girlfriend a little while earlier, and now Mike marries his. Both have mixed marriages -- Irish/Jewish for Charlie, Irish/ Italian for Mike. Charlie's is also politically mixed, since his wife Esther (hopefully an apt name, but I'm still just 30% in) is much more skeptical of Steele than he is.
The wedding reception isn't as much a break as it could be. After a good bit of drinking (and not just Italian red wine -- the father of the bride was in charge, so the food and drink are Italian), Mike repeats his concerns for the gradual imposition of tyranny, noting that people seem to accept it because the economy has gotten a bit better (though still not good, as in fact was the case with the New Deal, and for that matter Stalin's Five-Year Plans). At one point Charlie begins to think about the implications of events, and of the fact that his brother still has a media pulpit where he can be read by many -- including Stalin and his henchmen, who may be minded to do something about it. What could they do? That doesn't bear thinking about, so Charlie cuts the thought off. This is what people do in a dictatorship.
The trial of Father Coughlin is simply a speeded-up version of the trial of the four justices (who have since been replaced by Steele's Rubber Stamps, virtually guaranteeing favorable future decisions). He pleads guilty, the military judges (Colonel Walter Short, Navy Captain Halsey, Major Carl Spaatz -- spelled Spatz in the book for some reason, and an AAF lieutenant named Nathan Bedford Forrest III) sentence him to death, his appeal goes nowhere, Steele rejects mercy, and Coughlin is shot at sunrise. One nice touch is pointing out that Coughlin's economic views were often to the left; he supported Steele in 1932 and also backed much of the Four Year Plan. In other words, like Long he could be considered a left deviationist. We'll see if Steele finds more Zinovievs and Kamenevs to target. (In our timeline, they were eliminated before Bukharin and his fellow right deviationists.)
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Post by timothylane on Jun 21, 2019 13:01:31 GMT -8
Steele wouldn't be Stalin without an American form of the gulags, and that comes up next. He proposes a bill to allow him to take prisoners out of jails and send them to the Dust Bowl to help rebuild it. It's a good idea, and it does ensure that the prisoners can't be held longer than their original jail terms.
Unless they break the rules, of course. That's reasonable, isn't it? Well, it is if the rules are enforced reasonably. If not, you can have Jean Valjean, who spent more time in jail for trying to escape (which only encouraged him to keep trying) than for the original trivial theft (bread for his hungry family, as I recall). One can suspect that there will be a lot of cases like that, but it will also be increasingly difficult to find out. America is still a free country. Nominally.
Meanwhile, Steele easily defeats Alf Landon just as FDR did in our timeline. (I have to wonder if Steele, so lacking in charisma, could really do so well. It's not like Stalin ever allowed himself to face an election, other than the voting in the Central Committee by party apparatchiks. And when Kirov got more votes than Stalin did, he soon ended up murdered. Funny about that.)
Charlie, still so helpful to Steele, is called in for an interview after the inauguration. It goes well -- until Steele brings up Mike's much less helpful writing. Charlie flees the room quickly after that. But he still can't bring himself to admit the implications of his level of fear when dealing with Steele and Scriabin.
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Post by Brad Nelson on Jun 21, 2019 13:34:36 GMT -8
Take my advice or don't. That's up to you. But I can guarantee you that when people see a dense block of text with no lead-in to where it's going, they will skip it.
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Post by timothylane on Jun 21, 2019 19:34:34 GMT -8
Things continue to heat up in Steele's new America. At a speech in Chattanooga dedicating a newly completed nearby dam, Steele gets shot by a promising, but very political, Army officer. Unfortunately, the damage wasn't much at least the damage to Steele. The damage to the country is a lot worse. It turns out the officer had been outspoken in his dislike of Steele, and the latter and his henchmen start wondering if their failure to turn him in was because they agreed with him. (The fact that he had a legal right to say such things would be irrelevant to them.) So after awhile [x]Marshal Tukhachevsky[/x[much of the military leadership is arrested for treason and plotting with a foreign power. It isn't long before they're executed, though Turtledove doesn't cover their trial. (Did they all confess too? Doesn't say, which is a pity. That probably means they did.)
Steele arranges a law allowing him to send any "wreckers" -- i.e., anyone who displeases him, including hostile reporters like Mike Sullivan -- to the labor camps. Mike, after pointing out the danger of what's happening in an article in which he was very scrupulously accurate, finds out that the truth is irrelevant now. He gets arrested, sent before an administrative law judge, tried (and convicted) in about a minute, and sentenced to a term of 5 to 10 years of hard labor. His wife calls Charlie, who goes to the White House to see if he can do anything. They were expecting him, of course, and Mikoian assures him there's nothing he can do about it. Indeed, if Mike weren't Charlie's brother, he would have been arrested long before.
The gloves are off, and Charlie now knows what he has (in his own small way) helped to bring about. But, lacking the moral courage of his brother, what can he do about it? Indeed, even if he had that courage, what could he do but end up in a labor camp himself? (One thing to wonder about: Would J. Edgar Hoover really have gone along with creating and enforcing such a police state? I know most people on the left think so, and eventually he might become corrupted sufficiently to go along with it. But people forget that Hoover opposed the Japanese internment and, for that matter, the execution of the Rosenbergs. Somehow I have my doubts. But let's be real: if Hoover didn't, they would have found someone else who could and would.)
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Post by timothylane on Jun 22, 2019 20:07:52 GMT -8
Turtledove continues to switch between the Sullivan brothers, allowing the reader to see how Joe Steele's labor camps compare to Joe Stalin's gulags. There isn't much difference, though the American ones may be a tad less vicious. They do get mail, and even get to send out one card a month, though there's no way to know how often the mail really makes it. Charlie Sullivan is invited to help Steele work on a speech that needs polishing, and the President for Life (no one calls him that, at least where anyone not absolutely trusted might here, and maybe no one thinks it, but we can bet that he is) likes his work enough to hire him as a speechwriter. Charlie accepts, considering it unwise to do otherwise.
Naturally, Steele runs for re-election (with Garner again as VP) in 1940, and wins easily against Wendell Willkie. The latter campaigns energetically, but loses even worse than Landon had (unlike in our timeline). Even an honest count probably would have given Steele the victory.
Foreign affairs become more significant as time passes and Hitler starts acquiring new properties. The names may be changed occasionally, but the events seem to be about the same things at the same times. Steele does his own version of Lend-Lease, meets with Churchill, and even assists Trotsky when Hitler violates their pact. Relations with Japan are the same as in our timeline, including Pearl Harbor. Samuel Eliot Morison, in his naval official history, though General Short and Admiral Kimmel deserved another chance, but they probably weren't surprised that FDR never gave them the chance to do so. Steele, needless to say, takes a harsher stance, and they end up suffering the same fate as the people Short had convicted years earlier.
Meanwhile, Charlie's family life goes well -- he has a child, and as the US joins the war his wife is pregnant again. Mike's wife, on the other hand, divorced him on the grounds of abandonment. One can understand why she decided to do this, having no idea if Mike would ever be able to return to her, but abandonment seems an awfully poor excuse.
That's the situation, 4/7 of the way through the book, as I write.
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Post by timothylane on Jun 24, 2019 16:31:06 GMT -8
The events of World War II pretty much go as in OTL, though with different people involved. MacArthur had survived the purges, helped by the fact that he was running military affairs in the Philippines. But Steele was most unhappy that American planes at Clark Field were caught on the ground the day after the war began, and finally ordered Dugout Doug from Corregidor to Australia, and then eventually to DC. There he was arrested for the usual drumhead court-martial. Some notable military commanders, such as Nimitz and Spruance in the Navy and Eisenhower and Bradley in the Army. had survived the purges.
Charlie Sullivan continued to write speeches for a leader he no longer cared for -- but if he quit, he would probably get sent to a labor camp himself, or so he figures. His brother has adjusted fairly well to life in a camp, becoming a capable lumberjack, but he decides to volunteer for the Army. Now that the war is on, they're allowing that -- as long as they join punishment battalions, to do all the hardest and most dangerous tasks. The expectation is that most will be killed, and so it turns out, though some survive. Mike is one, despite landing on Tarawa, Saipan, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and the two Japanese invasions. He even gets a Medal of Valor (awarded by Steele himself who no doubt enjoys the irony a lot better than Mike does), and after the war finally ends stays in the Army (and finally in the regular forces, not a punishment battalion). He sees no future as a civilian -- no one would hire him as a reporter, and he has no wish to be a lumberjack, so being a soldier is the best option available.
As the reference to the Japanese invasions indicates, there was (and as of the beginning of the 1948 campaign, still isn't) an atomic bomb. In our world, Einstein wrote a letter to FDR urging that it be built to forestall a German bomb. IN this one he sent no such letter, no doubt finding Steele to unsavory to be trusted with such a weapon. When this comes out at the end of the war, Steele considers Einstein the worst wrecker of all and has him (and some other nuclear physicists) executed for failing to inform him of the possibility.
Meanwhile, Mike finds himself with an ideal military posting, occupying Japan on the border with the portion taken by Trotsky. He's glad to be as far away from Steele as possible. He notices that a lot more Japanese flee from north to south than the reverse, an indication that even rule by Steele isn't as bad as Soviet rule. Everyone knows that sooner or later the two great powers will be fighting, but no one has any idea yet when. At this point (nearly 4/5 done) Steele is about to run for a fifth term (with Garner still his running mate).
J. Edgar Hoover at the Government Bureau of Investigation and his boss Wyshinsky as AG are pursuing Soviet spies now, and so are some local prosecutors. One of them is a very effective California lawyer who hasn't been named yet but is clearly Richard Nixon.
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Post by timothylane on Jun 25, 2019 10:29:14 GMT -8
The 1948 election (in which Steele defeats Harold Stassen, who in fact was a strong candidate in our own1948 until he lost the Oregon primary to Dewey after a debate on banning the CPUSA -- Stassen supported it, Dewey opposed it) takes an interesting turn when Trotsky's North Japanese puppets invade South Japan, with significant success initially. But in the end they're driven back, and even across the demilitarized zone there, before Steele unleashes the finally-available atomic bomb, smashing Sendai. Trotsky responds by doing the same thing to Nagano, and after that they make peace on the basis of status quo ante bellum. Mike Sullivan is lucky; he was stationed on the border but was on R&R when the invasion started. He was in the nearest US position to Sendai when the bomb dropped.
In a later scene, Charlie's Jewish wife notes how many of the physicists executed as "wreckers" were Jewish (such as Oppenheimer, Von Neumann, and Szilard) or, in Fermi's case, married to a Jew. He reminds her that Rickover (who headed the bomb project and was promoted to Admiral after it succeeded) was a Jew, and so were some physicists brought back from the labor camps (such as Teller and Feynmann) were Jews. So we have a good idea what Steele (aping Hitler a bit) did to the field of nuclear physics. That's the situation as 1952 comes in and Steele presumably intends to run for a 6th term despite increasing health problems (in OTL, he died in 1953).
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Post by timothylane on Jun 25, 2019 17:49:38 GMT -8
Joe Steele ends up dying about the same time his OTL counterpart did, and John Nance Garner inherits the presidency. There are some amusing touches after that -- he nominates Mikoian, Kagan, and Scriabin for ambassadorships -- to Afghanistan, Paraguay, and Outer Mongolia. As with Andrew Jackson sending James Buchanan to St. Petersburg, he can't send any of them to the North Pole. He also lets his entire cabinet go except Dean Acheson (State) and George Marshall (War).
And then things turn grimly interesting. If you want to find out, you can read it for yourself.
So how realistic is this alternative? The assumption is that Stalin and his top supporters pretty much have the same personalities they had in our world. (Incidentally, I checked just now and Scriabin was Molotov's actual birth name. That explains why he never turned up anywhere.) Turtledove also sees J. Edgar Hoover as being just as bad. There are certainly plenty of people who would agree. I'm not so sure he was quite that bad. But even if this amounts to an unfair smearing of Hoover, Steele could certainly have found someone to do his dirty work. If nothing else, Yezhov or Beria could have come to America, too. (At the end, Yagoda still heads the NKVD for Trotsky.) Whether the US could turn into a Stalinist pesthole that quickly is also a good question. But the economy does get gradually better under Steel, who after isn't quite a communist despite the similarities.
After all, many have defended FDR on the grounds that he prevented some such disaster (perhaps under Huey Long) from happening as a result of the Great Depression. So in this one, there was no FDR. Steele's economic notions may not have been very different -- but in the end, FDR accepted limits that Steele didn't. That may be the most important lesson, and I think it's true.
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